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Jesus in the Talmud
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Review
"Peter Schäfer, Winner of the 2007 Distinguished Achievement Award from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation""Schäfer's fine new book should be of interest to a wide audience, and not only to specialists in the field of the historical interaction of Judaism and Christianity in late antiquity (who will be right to devour it). . . . Schäfer's book tells a fascinating story. . . . His great scholarship now provides Jews and Christians interested in developing a new and better relationship with a way to work through many of the hateful things that we have said about each other in the past, but without pretending that this bad past was not as bad as it really was or that it can simply be forgotten. . . . The sources that Schäfer adduces are virulent and dangerous, but his analysis of them leaves one unexpectedly full of hope."---David Novak, New Republic"In the talmudic references to Jesus . . . Schäfer persuasively finds sophisticated 'counternarratives that parody the New Testament stories,' composed by Jews who evinced a precise knowledge of the New Testament. The true accomplishment of Jesus in the Talmud is to show how certain talmudic passages are actually subtle rereadings of the New Testament, 'a literary answer to a literary text.' With considerable skill, Schäfer weaves these together until they can be seen to form an intricate theological discourse that prefigures the disputations between Jews and Christians in the Middle Ages."---Benjamin Balint, First Things"Meticulously researched and argued as well as clearly and accessibly written, this most intriguing--albeit radical--book is sure to spark interest, debate, and controversy. An essential purchase for academic religion collections and theological libraries." (Library Journal)"In [this] book Schäfer has proven himself not only a formidable scholar of ancient and medieval Jewish texts . . . but also a talented author from whose hands the text flows like the water to which the rabbis likened the Torah."---Galit Hasan-Rokem, Jewish Quarterly Review"Peter Schafer's Jesus in the Talmud reviews well-trodden territory but derives new and important readings from this familiar evidence. Applying contemporary historiographical methods, Schafer offers a convincing explanation of the talmudic texts about Jesus."---Ruth Langer, Studies in Christian-Jewish Relations"Peter Schafer deserves great merit for having taken up a subject whose reexamination has been overdue for a long time already and that is of major interest to New Testament scholars, Talmudists, and historians of ancient Judaism alike...The great achievement of this book is that it reopens the discussion of texts that are of greatest significance for the study of the relationship of Judaism and Christianity in antiquity and the early Middle Ages. It presents the Jewish intellectual elite in a new light, as active respondents to Christian claims and allegations and forceful combatants in the Christian-Jewish dispute."---Catherine Hezser, Review of Biblical Literature"Schafer's excellent study shows that, by ridiculing fundamental Christian claims, Babylonian Jewry rejected any notion that the old covenant had been superseded by the new, Judaism had nothing for which to reproach itself: its superiority over Christianity was incontestable."---Anthony Phillips, Church Times"Peter Schäfer...provides a sophisticated treatment of the subject of Jesus and other figures in the New Testament in Talmudic literature. This subject has a long history, but have never been undertaken with the kind of rigor and sensitivity to contextual factors, including the differences between the evidence available in the Babylonian versus Jerusalem versions...Clear and accessible reading for the non-specialist, this is a careful, scholarly treatment that sets the agenda for future studies" (Jewish Book World)"One of the greatest Hebrew scholars, Peter Schäfer, published a book on a very controversial and difficult subject--Jesus in the Talmud. Jesus in the Talmud is a work of great value. Although the author declares that the book is not a scholarly treatise, but only a kind of extensive essay, the investigation is thorough and all its theses are excellently and fully argued."---Maciej Tomal, Palamedes
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From the Back Cover
"Peter Schäfer's remarkable volume on Jesus' enigmatic place in Talmudic literature is a work of erudition and depth. It will bring deeper knowledge to students and teachers of Judaism and Christianity."--Elie Wiesel"When the premiere 'Christian-Hebraist' of our era turns his attention to Jesus in the Talmud, everyone interested in ancient history and modern interreligious dialogue must take notice. Peter Schäfer carefully sifts through all of the literary evidence from that great monument of late-fifth-century Babylonian Jewish culture with fresh eyes and striking insights. His final chapter, focused on why the Babylonian Talmud could sustain such anti-Christian rhetoric, is a scholarly tour de force."--Rabbi Burton L. Visotzky, Jewish Theological Seminary"From the opening pages of Jesus in the Talmud the reader senses that something new and important is about to be unfolded. It is, and the unfolding of it is pure Schäfer: straightforward and plain-speaking, argued densely, yet with great clarity, provocative, but finally persuasive. And yes, exciting too."--F. E. Peters, author of The Children of Abraham"This is an exceptionally engaging book. Professor Schäfer has subjected to close scrutiny all the passages relating to Jesus in the Talmudic and other rabbinic literature produced in Palestine and in Babylonia in late antiquity. His aim is to use them to discover the rabbis' attitude to Christianity. While the force of the argument suggests this book should be mainly of interest to students of rabbinic Judaism, I believe that the subject matter will ensure that it has a much wider readership. It sheds light in places on the way the gospel traditions evolved particularly in Palestinian and Syriac-speaking Christianity."--Nicholas de Lange, University of Cambridge
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Product details
Paperback: 232 pages
Publisher: Princeton University Press; 7/25/09 edition (September 13, 2009)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0691143188
ISBN-13: 978-0691143187
Product Dimensions:
6.2 x 0.8 x 9 inches
Shipping Weight: 11.2 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
3.9 out of 5 stars
34 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#95,575 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Schafer's somewhat masterful discussion of the Jesus in the two Talmuds is refreshing in that doesn't pull punches nor allow for purely antisemitic spin to put on the polemics against Jesus in the Talmud, particularly the Balvi. Mostly scholarly discussion of the Talmud prior the 20th century played up and decontextualized anti-Christian rhetoric in the Talmud whereas much of the scholar after the Shoah downplayed the differences. While it is clear that some classical Rabbis did not see Christians as idolaters, the Rabbis of the Talmud engaged in extended polemics against Jesus, particularly as portrayed in the Gospel of John. The references in the Yerushalemi (the Jerusalem Talmud) are more contained and cryptic, but Schafer makes a strong argument that they are there and it is largely Roman rule in Jerusalem that led to references being downplayed whereas the political context of Zoroastrian empires and their intense competition with Rome gave the post-exilic Rabbis more freedom to express anti-Christian polemic openly. Schafer does, however, put these problems in context and also does not hide the particularly anti-Jewish/Pharisee elements in the Gospel of John, which seems clearly if indirectly, the source for a lot of the Balvi's inversions of Christian tradition. Furthermore, Schafer shows that Celsus and early church fathers such as Justin Martyr fought against similar polemics to that in the Balvi in pagan sources. While Schafer points out that this is not evidence of historicity, it shows clear trends in counter-Christian polemics. Christians will find this slanderous: calling Mary licentious, Jesus a magician and corruptor of Rabbis out of Egypt, and seeing him depicted in the afterlife in his excrement, and one of the few who damned as opposed to merely annihilated in Jewish thought is clear. However, Schafer also shows how deeply counter to Jewish tradition, not just Pharisees but even to Temple Judaism, many of the claims of Christianity would have seemed, particularly, once again, as stated in the Gospel of John. While it won't make either side particularly comfortable, I think this is important book for understanding the early tensions and mutual development between Jews and Christians after the exile and destruction of the Temple fundamentally changed the Jewish milieu.
This was an excellent book! Shafer includes every possible reference to Jesus, but also sets them in their historical context. They were written after the Gospels. In addition to this, there is a difference between the references in the Palestinian Talmud, and Babylonian Talmud. If we look at what was happening in each specific region, these differences make sense.The basic thesis of this book is that the Talmudic references are a reaction to the growing church. They reveal knowledge of the written accounts in the Gospels (not direct knowledge of Jesus), and are a counter-narrative.These stories preserved the authority of rabbi's, by rejecting the authority of Jesus. In other words, they served to draw the line on orthodoxy (apologetic purposes).Here is where their historic value comes into play: not by shedding light on the historic Jesus, but showing differences in Palestine and Babylon. Jews in Palestine had to refrain from writing anti-Christian polemics due to Constantine's conversion to Christianity. But the Jews in Babylon did not. They lived in another empire. And this empire persecuted the Christians. Hence the freedom to write anti-Christian polemics.Shafer's thesis is compelling, especially when the Palestinian & Babylonian Talmud's are set against the light of politics happening around them. When we look at Justin Martyr's defense against a rabbi, Origin's rebuttal against the pagan Celsus (who picked up stories from Jewish apologists), and Tertullians writings --- we gain additional evidence these stories were written to counter the claims in the Gospels.In light of their late date, and their propogandistic purposes --- they have little value in unwrapping the historical Jesus. But they do shed light on the formation of post-Temple Judaism, and Christianity's divergence from it.
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